2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)

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Aldehyde Dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are a superfamily of NADP+-dependent enzymes that metabolize endogenous and exogenous aldehydes to corresponding carboxylic acids. This superfamily of proteins is comprised of 19 isozymes, with constitutive activity of at least one isozyme observed in a majority of mammalian tissues. The ALDHs play important roles, among other things, in cellular detoxification, the protection against ultraviolet radiation-induced damage, and amino acid metabolism.

The ALDH1A subfamily plays a pivotal role in embryogenesis and development by mediating retinoic acid signaling. ALDH2, as a key enzyme that oxidizes acetaldehyde, is crucial for alcohol metabolism. ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1 are lens and corneal crystallins, which are essential elements of the cellular defense mechanism against ultraviolet radiation-induced damage in ocular tissues. Many ALDH isozymes are important in oxidizing reactive aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation and thereby help maintain cellular homeostasis. Increased expression and activity of ALDH isozymes have been reported in various human cancers and are associated with cancer relapse. As a direct consequence of their significant physiological and toxicological roles, inhibitors of the ALDH enzymes have been developed to treat human diseases.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Isoform Specific Products:

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-148617
    ALDH2 modulator 1
    		Modulator
    ALDH2 modulator 1 is a potent and orally active aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) modulator. ALDH2 modulator 1 reduces blood alcohol levels in mice.
    ALDH2 modulator 1
  • HY-RS00561
    Aldh1a1 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    Aldh1a1 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for Aldh1a1 gene (Mouse), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    Aldh1a1 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-128299
    ALDH3A1-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    ALDH3A1-IN-4 is a selective ALDH3A1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.2 μM. ALDH3A1-IN-4 binds to the aldehyde-binding pocket of ALDH3A1 via hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces. ALDH3A1-IN-4 acts as a chemosensitizer that sensitizes ALDH3A1-expressing cancer cells to the antiproliferative effect of mafosfamide, but does not produce a sensitizing effect on non-cancer cells that do not express ALDH3A1. ALDH3A1-IN-4 is applicable to research related to lung adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma.
    ALDH3A1-IN-4
  • HY-18768A
    NCT-501 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    NCT-501 hydrochloride is a potent and selective theophylline-based inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), inhibits hALDH1A1 with IC50 of 40 nM, typically shows better selectivity over other ALDH isozymes and other dehydrogenases (hALDH1B1, hALDH3A1, and hALDH2, IC50 >57 μM).
    NCT-501 hydrochloride
  • HY-W720629
    Cyanamide-15N2
    		Inhibitor
    Cyanamide-15N2 is the 15N-labeled Cyanamide (HY-Y0070). Cyanamide is a cell division and plant growth inhibitor, as well as an allelochemical derived from Vicia villosa. Cyanamide inhibits root growth and biomass accumulation in a dose-dependent manner by disrupting the formation of mitotic spindles and phragmoplast complexes, reducing the number of mitotic cells and blocking the cell cycle. The effects of Cyanamide are partially reversible after removal from low-concentration environments. Cyanamide is also a specific inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Although Cyanamide has no direct effect on tumor growth, it can significantly enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of Cyclophosphamide (HY-17420) at non-toxic doses by inhibiting the inactivation of Cyclophosphamide. Cyanamide enables Cyclophosphamide to exert equivalent therapeutic effects at lower doses, effectively inhibiting the growth of primary and metastatic tumors and prolonging the lifespan of tumor-bearing mice. Cyanamide is commonly used in studies related to ha-1 hepatoma and rls lymphosarcoma.
    Cyanamide-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-W001083S2
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid-d6
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid-d6 is the deuterium labeled 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HY-W001083). 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is an orally active flavonoid metabolite produced by intestinal flora, with blood pressure-lowering activity. 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can also inhibit ferroptosis by upregulating the expression of GPX4, thereby improving spermatogenic dysfunction in aged mice. In addition, abnormal levels of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid are closely related to certain diseases, such as autism spectrum disorders.
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-144671
    ALDH3A1-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    ALDH3A1-IN-2 (Compound 19) is a potent inhibitor of ALDH3A1 with an IC50 of 1.29 μM. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are overexpressed in various tumor types including prostate cancer. ALDH3A1-IN-2 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases.
    ALDH3A1-IN-2
  • HY-RS00562
    ALDH1A1 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A
    		Inhibitor

    ALDH1A1 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for ALDH1A1 gene (Rat), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
    ALDH1A1 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A
  • HY-164698
    CP-470711
    		Inhibitor
    CP-470711 is an orally active and potent and selective sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor with an IC50=10 nM for human SDH and IC50=17 nM for rat SDH. CP-470711 is promising for research of chronic complications related to type 2 diabetes mellitus, such as neuropathy and nephropathy.
    CP-470711
  • HY-B0364AR
    Dyclonine hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Dyclonine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dyclonine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dyclonine (Dyclocaine) hydrochloride is an orally effective ALDH covalent inhibitor (crosses blood-brain barrier), with an IC50 of 35 μM for ALDH2 and 76 μM for ALDH3A1. Dyclonine hydrochloride has sensitizing activities for targeted cancer cells and antibacterial. Dyclonine hydrochloride is also a local agent that can suppress or relieve pain. that blocks the transmission of various nerve impulses or stimuli and inhibits the sensation of touch and pain.
    Dyclonine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-135214
    GA11
    		Inhibitor
    GA11 is an ALDH inhibitor that shows activity against glioblastoma both in vitro and in vivo.
    GA11
  • HY-N2597R
    Prunetin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Prunetin, an O-methylated isoflavone, possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Prunetin is a potent human aldehyde dehydrogenases inhibitor.
    Prunetin (Standard)
  • HY-180872
    ALDH1A1 modulator-1
    ALDH1A1 modulator-1 is a ALDH1A1 modulator.
    ALDH1A1 modulator-1
  • HY-129314
    CM-39
    		Inhibitor
    CM-39 is a non-covalent and reversible inhibitor for aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A (ALDH1A) with an IC50 of 0.9 μM.
    CM-39
  • HY-107030R
    Nitrefazole (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Nitrefazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nitrefazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nitrefazole is a 4-nitroimidazole derivative with strong and long lasting inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), an enzyme involved in the metabolism of alcohol.
    Nitrefazole (Standard)
  • HY-160475
    AD-9308
    		Activator
    AD-9308 is a highly selective and orally active ALDH2 activator. AD-9308 activates ALDH2 to promote the clearance of 4-HNE, inhibiting myocardial fibrosis, inflammation and cell apoptosis. AD-9308 improves mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic reticulum/ endoplasmic reticulum calcium transport and regulates autophagy, restoring intracellular homeostasis. AD-9308 improves the diastolic and systolic function of the heart in diabetic mice and reverses ventricular mal-reconstruction. AD-9308 can be used for the study of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
    AD-9308
  • HY-169883
    PKM2-IN-7
    		Inhibitor
    PKM2-IN-7 (compound 34) can inhibit the interaction between PKM2 and ALDH1A3 without showing significant toxicity to normal cells. PKM2-IN-7 can be used for research in the field of tumors.
    PKM2-IN-7
  • HY-W011094R
    Win 18446 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Win 18446 is an orally active testes-specific enzyme ALDH1a2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.3 μM. Win 18446 reversibly inhibits spermatogenesis in many species and inhibits Retinoic acid (HY-14649) biosynthesis from Retinol (HY-B1342) within the testes.
    Win 18446 (Standard)
  • HY-113466R
    4-Hydroxynonenal (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    4-Hydroxynonenal (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Hydroxynonenal. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is an α,β unsaturated hydroxyalkenal and an oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarker. 4-Hydroxynonenal is a substrate and an inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). 4-Hydroxynonenal can modulate a number of signaling processes mainly through forming covalent adducts with nucleophilic functional groups in proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids. 4-Hydroxynonenal plays an important role in cancer through mitochondria.
    4-Hydroxynonenal (Standard)
  • HY-N15464
    Antihepatotoxic agent-1
    		Inhibitor
    Antihepatotoxic agent-1 is a cerebroside present in Lycium chinense Fruits with antihepatotoxic activity. Antihepatotoxic agent-1 exerts a protective effect by blocking the release of alanine aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase from primary cultured rat hepatocytes intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride. Antihepatotoxic agent-1 can be used in studies related to liver injury.
    Antihepatotoxic agent-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Isoform Comparison

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